high yield crop varieties definition

Prohibited Content 3. The associated inputs like chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides also perform satisfactorily only if timely irrigation is pro­vided to the crop. High-yielding varieties are frequently also high-maintenance varieties. In addition to feeding humans, we also need plant-based crops to feed livestock and use for bio-energy. , 1986). Content Filtrations 6. The cost of these losses amounts to Rs. These varieties require irrigation after every three weeks during the period of growth and development and after every two weeks at the flowering and primordial stages. A brief discussion on the inputs and infrastructure requirements for HYV is imperative to ascertain the myth and reality of the success of the Green Revolution in India. They were insensitive to photoperiodicity and matured in about 110 days rather than 180 days; it was thus possible to grow two or even three crops in a year. The progressive and enterprising farmers have largely im­proved their standard of living by their industry, while the lethargic and orthodox cultivators could not adopt the new technology suc­cessfully and many of them are still in the grip of poverty and under­nourishment. Similarly, through the RNAi technique, two ripening-specific ethylene-induced N-glycoprotein modifying enzymes, α-mannosidase (α-Man) and β-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase (β-Hex), were targeted and the shelf-life of tomato was enhanced by ≈2–2.5-fold with firmer fruits. The well off farm­ers of the Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh are applying this input in the given proportion while some of the more ambitious farmers are even exceeding the prescribed limit. The farmers can market their produce with ease, and are also able to purchase fertilizers, plant protection chemicals and other agricultural equipment’s from the market town. High Yielding Varieties Seeds are undoubtedly land substituting, water economizing, more la­bour using, and employment generating innovation; nevertheless, they are very delicate and sensitive and therefore require a great deal of care if a successful harvest is to be obtained. In the case of wheat, for example, appropriate timing and spacing of ir­rigation raise the yield by as much as 50 per cent even if the other in­puts are not given. The farmers of Punjab and that of the upper Ganga-Yamuna doab (Meerut Division) are unanimous in their opinion that HYV of wheat and rice give double the yields per unit area, provided timely irriga­tion is made. Before rust resistant varieties were developed, many areas treated wheat growing so high risk, they avoided growing the crop altogether. The transgenic “Golden Rice” is another success of genetic engineering. In the initial years of the Green Revolution (1968-70), in the states of Punjab and Haryana, the crop of wheat was largely damaged in the threshing grounds owing to the untimely rainfalls in the months of April and May. Proteinase inhibitors have been found very effective in controlling the growth and development of many insects by inactivating serine proteinase enzymes of the insect (Larry and Richard, 2002). Therefore increase in shelf-life or delay in the ripening process can be achieved by the introduction of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase dsRNA in tomatoes, which suppresses the expression of ethylene genes. Conventional breeding has been an effective means for developing high-yielding varieties; however, it has its own limitations. In fact, in the absence of controlled irrigation chemical fertilizers can­not be applied with confidence and many a times their application af­fects the crop adversely, particularly if the soil is not sufficiently moist. This resulted into heavy losses to the farmers of the region. Root hairs of Chenopodium murale L. released allelochemicals (Dmitrovic et al., 2014), which disturbed cell growth cycles and caused oxidative damage to wheat and Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Adoption of new needs and intensification of agri­culture in the subtropical countries like India (characterized with er­ratic monsoon) are not possible unless adequate irrigation facilities are available. Moreover, the fluctuations in prices of agricultural commodities reduce the margin of profit of the growers which may work as disincentive for the cultivation of HYV. The agrarian institutions like banks and cooperative credit societies have great responsibili­ties. The problems of crop disease and infestation by insects may also be overcome by timely application of herbicides, fungicides, insecti­cides, nematicides and rodenticides. In the developed countries like the UK, Germany, Netherlands and Japan the consumption of chemical fertilizers is much higher to that of India. Ethylene suppression brings compositional changes to the fruits by enhancing polyamine (PA) levels. Click here to learn the concepts of Important High Yield Crop Varieties from Biology Put a tick mark against the correct alternative in the following statements : Hybrid varieties of The Jat farmers who came to India from Pakistan in 1947 were found more industrious and superior in techniques of cultivation in comparison to the other farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. The yield capacity of each variety is given as a percentage of the control varieties (which themselves are proven varieties of a number of years standing), which is rated as 100. The natural fertility of land is declining with the passage of time. Transgenic tomato plants targeting more than one homolog than a single unit of ACC oxidase by using RNAi technology during the ripening stage would be more effective than a single homolog (Gupta et al., 2013). Consequently, the HYV in such areas either could not be diffused or they are not performing satisfactorily. The new varieties introduced since the first HYVs are now often referred to as MVs (modern varieties). Although a few improved high-yielding varieties of cardamom have been evolved, combining yield and cardamom mosaic resistance has not been possible. For the recuperation of fertility, the soils are rested in the form of fallowing or they are en­riched by applying manures (compost and green) and chemical fertil­izers (NPK). For example, in the valley of Brahmaputra, Barak, and the hilly tracts of northeast India, there is heavy rainfall during the sum­mer season. The hot and moist environment of the field also becomes conducive for the fast growth and multiplica­tion of insects and pests. The lectin from snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin) is very toxic to insects, causing about 80% mortality (Fitches et al., 2010). Several transformation protocols have been deployed successfully for the introduction of foreign genes into rice. Newer approaches are needed to meet the great increase in food production necessitated by population growth in … As the human population soars well beyond 7 billion people, so does the demand for food. This technique in combination with metabolite profiling analysis will be useful for the development and ripening of strawberry fruit (Hoffmann et al., 2006). HYV are water thirsty. Every individual on earth has pesticide residues in their body, which have caused chronic diseases leading to death in human beings (Annett et al., 2014). The timings of irrigation and the quantity of water supplied are decisive for the performance of the crop. To achieve this objective, intergeneric crosses were made using Ammomum subulatum, Alpinia neutans, Hedychium flavascene and Hedychium coronarium as male parents. The yield varies from 10-15 We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. It substantially increased food production worldwide and helped to cope with ever increasing hunger of human beings worldwide. Report a Violation, Problems Arising Out of the Diffusion of High Yielding Varieties Seeds, Characteristics of Modern Agricultural Techniques, Rise of Productivity of Crops after the Green Revolution. Weeds may potentially reduce the yield of wheat up to 23% (18%–29%) worldwide but due to weed management practices actual losses account for 7.7% (3%–13%) (Oerke, 2006). To evaluate different varieties of rice for their growth and At first the new varieties were highly susceptible to disease, and pesticides were necessary to obtain the high yield potential, but later varieties have been bred with a greater resistance to pests. The list of 310 new crop varieties includes two bacterial leaf blight disease resistant rice (Pusa 1592 and Punjab Basmati-3), one blast disease resistant variety of rice (Pusa 1609), seedless variety of Nagpur orange, high temperature tolerant garden pea (Arka Long duration varieties takes 95 to 100 days and short duration varieties 80 to 85 days. The criteria for selection are high yield, disease resistance, response to fertilisers, tolerance to climate, etc. The variations in yield and production also determine the assets building process of the farmers. It is a potent insecticide and very much toxic to lepidopterans (Cohen et al., 2000), dipterans (Andrews et al., 1987), and coleopterans (Herrnstadt et al., 1986). They then crossbreed these high-nutrient varieties with high-yielding varieties of crops, to provide a seed with high yields and increased nutritional value. Without irrigation, a surfeit of other inputs, therefore, is of no avail. High yield stability usually refers to a genotype’s ability to perform consistently, whether at high or low yield levels, across a wide range of environments. The danger of pests and insects may be reduced by using plant protection chemicals. Qingyao Shu, Dianxing Wu, in Reference Module in Food Science, 2016. New crop varieties tolerate disease better, are better adapted to local conditions, and generally produce higher yields. perennial JP 5, JP 6, and annual JP 7, JP 9 and ICPL 87. One of the metrics used to determine the efficiency of food production is crop yield. Weeds annually reduce yield of wheat by 18%–30% in Pakistan (Anonymous, 2012). Subsequently, GE tomato and eggplant/brinjal were developed and tested under field conditions in different countries. These vines only spread a few feet. The traditional farmers used to harvest green tomatoes, which were then sprayed with ethylene to fetch higher prices than ripe tomatoes; however, there is a substantial decrease in flavor content. OMAFRA Field Crop Team March 13, 2018 6142 Comments Off on High Yield Wheat! MiR156 targets an important gene in fruit ripening, colorless never ripe (CNR), as reported by Molesini et al. Transgenic rice plants with Bt gene have proven to be highly resistant to all lepidopterans, including stem borers such as yellow stem borer, striped stem borer and pink stem borer, and rice leaf folders in field trials. Efficient transport and nearness to the market reduce the cost of transportation of the bulky and perishable agricultural commodities. In the tra­dition bound Indian society, the efficiency of extension machinery determines largely the efficiency of the producers. They usually require regular applications of fertilizer and other inputs. Various types of proteinase inhibitors such as potato protease inhibitors II, cowpea trypsin inhibitors(CpTi), etc. The silencing of a ripening-related CHS gene in strawberry fruits (Fragaria × ananassa cv. The challenge of food security still continues and demands the adoption of new approaches to ensure safe and sufficient food for everyone. Domestication of wild plants triggered manipulation of nature for agricultural practices. The yield potential of these varieties was greater in the temperate regions of Asia and in the dry season in the monsoon region than in the humid tropics, because of the longer hours of sunshine and hence the greater potential photosynthesis available to the plant. V.A. Excessive rainfall, immediately after the application of chemical fertilizers or that of plant protection chemicals, reduces their utility and effectiveness. fruitful - productive or conducive to producing in abundance; "be fruitful and multiply". These insects and pests seriously attack the plants, hamper their growth and reduce the yield substantially. (2012). The side effects of pesticides include killing of susceptible nontarget species and disturbance of biodiversity. The evolutionary and taxonomic isolation is thus broken. Weeds reduce the yields of major crops by 34% worldwide, which is higher than the losses caused by other pests (Jabran et al., 2015). Postharvest losses deteriorate the quality and economic viability of many high-yielding varieties of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Among these pests, weeds contribute maximum losses in crop production, which may potentially reduce production of crops by 34%, followed by animal pests (18%) and pathogens (16%). The first Bt toxin gene was cloned in 1981 (Schnepf and Whiteley, 1981; Jain et al., 2007) and a field trial of transgenic tobacco expressing Bt toxin was performed in 1986. Immediate drying after harvest to prevent yellowing of rice kernels, Drying with flat-bed batch dryer, recirculating batch dryer or cross-flow continuous dryer, Cross-flow continuous dryer: 50–60 °C. Apart from efficient transport and infrastructural facilities, mod­ern flour mills and rice husking factories need to be located at appro­priate location. Even in the years of droughts (1987-88 and 1988-89), the farmers could harvest very good crops of paddy with the help of canal and tube well irrigation. The lifestyle of the farmers and their aspirations for better stand­ard of living also determine their efficiency. Raising of three and four crops from the same field in one year is possible only if modern tech­nology is available to the farmer. In the case of non-availability of capital, the farmer should have an easy access to the credit facilities. How does planting high yield crop varieties make farming more sustainable 1 See answer Answer 0 Answer: The more high yield crops are planted, the more production there will be from plants. High Yielding Varieties Seeds are undoubtedly land substituting, water economizing, more la­bour using, and employment generating innovation; nevertheless, they are very delicate and sensitive and therefore require a great deal of care if a successful harvest is to be obtained. Irrigation practices have caused salinization and waterlogging of cultivated soils. It is a well established fact that investment in research brings ten times profit to the investor. Therefore, a search continues for new nonconventional weed control methods aimed at utilization of biological weed control approaches. Within any agricultural community, the individuals vary in their receptivity of innovations and new agricultural techniques. The experts and re­searchers who attempted to assess the role of human element in the adoption of agricultural innovations found great variations in the ag­ricultural practices and yield levels of different farmers living within a micro region of a village. Crop pests include weeds, insects, pathogens, and rodents. evolving new high-yield crop varieties中文研究高產作物的新品種…，點擊查查權威綫上辭典詳細解釋evolving new high-yield crop varieties的中文翻譯，evolving new high-yield crop varieties的發音，音標，用法和例句等。 Read formulas, definitions, laws from Biotechnology for Improved Food Quality here. The study shows that CNR is also negatively regulated by APETALA2a (a target of miR172). High yielding cultivars of crops depleted soils of nutrients and precious organic matter. The fuller use of inputs may be made only if proper guidance to the cultivators is available. Evaluate varieties for yield consistency from location to location and year to year to ensure for robust, high performance. soil moisture requirements during the various stages of growth of crop cannot be controlled. The high yield varieties of crops give better response to fertilizers. Since the 1970s Chinese farmers have used hybrid rice seed. More than 60 rice varieties, which belong to indica, japonica subspecies, and African elite rice, had been transformed with various of genes which confer important traits, such as herbicide resistance, disease and insect pest resistance, environmental stress tolerance, and nutritional quality. Several insecticidal Bt genes have been transformed into various types of rice, and all showed great potential for controlling the most important insect pests in rice. The Bt cry protein is nontoxic to humans and animals, but toxic to insects (BANR, 2000). The highest yields are achieved in areas of well-managed irrigation and with adequate amounts of chemical fertilizers. The irrigation fields enriched with heavy energy input of NPK create a micro climate (hot and humid) in the field which helps in the luxurious growth of plants. TOS 7. Significant advances have been made in the genetic engineering of rice since the first transgenic rice plants reported in the late 1980s. Among many useful aids which increase the efficiency of the farmers are seed-cum-fertilizer-drill, well de­signed plant protection equipment’s, Dunlop-carts, trolley, threshers, sprayers and tractors. Harvesting fully mature kernels at moisture content < 25% w.b. Parthasarathy, D. Prasath, in Handbook of Herbs and Spices (Second Edition), Volume 1, 2012. It was estimated that 200 g of Golden Rice could give 100% of the recommended daily allowance of vitamin A; therefore, it has great potential for solving vitamin A deficiency related diseases, such as blindness, in developing countries. Availability of capital is also a vital constraint in the adoption and successful cultivation of HYV. The response of traditional varieties to chemical fertilizers is more in terms of vigorous vegetative growth which leads to pre-harvest lodging of the crop. Nigeria releases 19 high yield crop varieties, one chicken breed to farmers By AgroBusiness Times on September 4, 2018 The Federal Ministry of Science and Technology produced 19 new varieties of crops with a high yield to increase agricultural production. Privacy Policy 8. A combination of very high transgene expression and improved protein stability resulted in mortality of even Bt-resistant insects (Kota et al., 1999). As discussed more thoroughly in Section 7.1, most stability measures relate to either of two contrasting concepts of stability: “static” (Type 1) and “dynamic” (Type 2) (Becker and Léon, 1988; Lin et al. Elsanta) by an intron-hairpin-RNA construct containing the partial sense and corresponding antisense sequences of CHS was separated by an intron obtained from an F. ananassa quinone oxidoreductase gene. high-yield - yielding a large amount of agricultural or industrial production. Crop genotypes play a dominant role in crop production systems. This means that when fertilizers are supplied to high yielding varieties their yield increases substantially. Bt toxin is a crystal insecticidal protein (δ-endotoxin) produced from the cryo gene of a spore-forming soil bacterium B. thuringiensis. The National Variety Release Committee (NVRC) approved the … It also helps in the marketing and storage of the agricultural commodities. The greatest achievement in the field of agriculture is the development of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insect-resistant crops using plant transgenic technology. The traditional plough and bullock- carts are less efficient to finish the agricultural operations on time. No species can be eliminated from nature and continuous disturbance of its habitat through agricultural practices increased the emergence and diversity of pests. Since the plant protection chemicals are quite expensive, they are generally out of the reach of small and marginal farmers. Cultivation of perishable crops like vegetables, fruits and dairy products can also be done efficiently and profitably if elaborate transport, marketing and storage facilities are available. The actual yield you get depends on the crop’s maximum potential yield, which may in turn be reduced by: Any mismatch in the crop’s climate and soil adaptations compared to the actual climate/soil conditions that it’s grown in. It grows Bt eggplant (Solanum melongena) was developed and field tested by the collaborative research between the US-based company Monsanto and Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company (Mahyco), India, by incorporating a crystal gene (Cry1Ac) from B. thuringiensis (Krattiger, 2010; Cotter, 2011). In the absence of these facilities a lot of produce may go as a waste. The whole pathway of β-carotene biosynthesis was introduced into rice plants by simultaneously transforming of three foreign genes: one plant phytoene synthase (psy) gene originating from daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus), one bacterial phytoene desaturase (crt1) gene originating from Erwinia uredovora, and the lycopene β-cyclase (lcy) gene originating from N. pseudonarcissus. Certain weeds have also been reported to produce allelochemicals which suppress root and shoot growth of crop plants. It is the transport network which determines the types of crops grown in an agricultural region. Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. You might also want to think about placing a few onions near or around your cucumber plants as studies show that not only will onions keep soil bacteria and insects away, but they increase the cucumber plants overall yield. Sharda Choudhary, ... Radheshyam Sharma, in Genetic Engineering of Horticultural Crops, 2018. They affect crop productivity by their higher yield potentials, resistance against insect pest and diseases under different climatic conditions. In several districts of Punjab and Haryana irrigation facilities are avail­able to each and every hectare of land. The other inputs like chemical fertilizers and plant pro­tection chemicals can enhance the yield further. Similarly, allelopathic water extracts from Malva parviflora L. and C. murale L. suppressed growth and photosynthetic activity of barley (Al-Johani et al., 2012). At the outbreak of a disease in the crop the entire area should be sprayed. Copyright 10. Although, it involves centuries old practices, a major breakthrough in pest control was the development of pesticides. These dwarf varieties give much higher yields per unit area. Many farmers, especially those in environments where high-yield crop and livestock varieties do not prosper, rely on a wide range of crop and livestock types. “High yielding” is kind of a misnomer. Disclaimer 9. As a matter of fact, electric power has a vital role in the development and extension of HYV. Serine proteinase such as trypsin and chymotrypsin enzymes are present in insect guts for digestion. Introduction of agrochemicals, irrigation, improved cultural practices, and high yielding varieties after 1950 paved the way for the green revolution. The … HYV - High yielding varieties. Plagiarism Prevention 4. Relative yield of varieties Trials are conducted using uniform protocols and standard check varieties. High-yielding varieties are found naturally less resistant to pests in comparison with their progenitors. In a region like the Indo-Gangetic plain where agriculture is being practiced for over the last 8000 years the soils are depleted and are in­creasingly losing their resilient characteristics. They pose the biggest challenge to food production worldwide since the start of agriculture. Certain varieties or breeds of each crop and species of livestock are considered high-yield becuase they produce comparatively more food. For example, the new seeds are less resistant to droughts and floods and need an efficient management of water, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesti­cides. For the application of plant pro­tection chemicals the farmers must have adequate knowledge of plant disease and their controlling chemicals. The new seeds are very delicate and highly susceptible to pests and disease. There is little disagreement that the Green Revolution acted to reduce agricultural biodiversity, as it relied on just a few high-yield varieties of each crop. Similarly, the Jats, Saini and Gadas of western Uttar Pradesh are more enter­prising and receptive to new innovations in agriculture. D.B. HYV can also fetch handsome amounts to the farmers only if a good market for the disposal of the commodity is available within a short distance of the place of production. Pesticides are chemical substances applied to control pest populations. Common factors for crop improvement - definition Crop variety improvement can be achieved by the process of selection. Most of the Indian farmers being poor have very little purchasing power and are unable to supply the prescribed doses of fertilizers. Breeding of new varieties of rice and wheat has continued since the 1960s, increasingly in research stations in the countries where they are to be grown. Once a village is linked with a town by a metalled road, its economy undergoes a remarkable transformation. those high yielding varieties can achieve high yields of grain and whole crop. The amount of pesticides used worldwide for pest control increased by 15–20-fold in the last 50 years (Oerke, 2006). However, due to pest management practices, the yield reductions of wheat, maize, rice, soybean, and potatoes account for 26%, 31%, 37%, 29%, and 40%, respectively. Many insect-resistant plant varieties have been developed through cloning genes encoding proteinase inhibitors (Kim et al., 2009) and amylase inhibitors (Mehrabadi et al., 2010). Modern farming tools and technology like tractors, threshers and sprayers are also imperative for the successful cultivation of HYV. Other than yield losses, weeds may also harbor other pests and pathogens and enhance their incidents on crops (Booth et al., 2003). These costly inputs may go as a waste after the floods resulting from heavy rains. It may be emphasized that excessive irrigation and inadequate irrigation are both injurious to HYV of wheat and rice. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128104392000106, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128115275000022, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128181621000110, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857090393500086, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080430767041577, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081005965002134, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128104392000039, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065211317300858, Genetic Improvement of Vegetables Using Transgenic Technology, Genetic Engineering of Horticultural Crops, Schnepf and Whiteley, 1981; Jain et al., 2007, Whetstone and Hammock, 2007; Van Damme, 2008, Cooper et al., 2004; Nelson et al., 2004; Moose and Mumm, 2008, Handbook of Herbs and Spices (Second Edition), Volume 1, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Gene Silencing in Horticultural Transgenic Crops, Sharda Choudhary, ... Radheshyam Sharma, in, Postharvest losses deteriorate the quality and economic viability of many, Meli et al., 2010; Molesini et al., 2012; Karlova et al., 2013, Limitations of Existing Weed Control Practices Necessitate Development of Alternative Techniques Based on Biological Approaches. In the areas exclusively dependent on rains (Brahmaputra Val­ley) and in the dry farming areas (Rajasthan, Marathwada, etc.) The chimeric RNAi-ACS (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) construct designed to target ACS homologs effectively repressed ethylene production in tomato fruits and enhanced tomato shelf-life by 45 days. Together, these hold exciting potential to accelerate plant breeding progress. Image Guidelines 5. This is not so in case of traditional varieties. Use locally adapted varieties to ensure good crop establishment and high yield with acceptable grain quality for market. The Bt gene encodes the delta-endotoxin highly toxic to lepidopteran insects. patents-wipo Long term expected performance of the crop variety may be estimated using the parameter estimates. Each year, insects destroy about 25% of food crops worldwide. They should advance loans to the farmers at a reasonable rate of interest. Globally, yield losses to weeds have reduced with time because of improvements in weed control practices and improved weed management. The varieties of pigeon pea Jai Prakash has developed many pigeon pea varieties viz. High-yield Crops High-yield agricultural crops are those that have been bred, genetically modified, or fertilized to increase their production yields. That's a lot of mouths to feed! It is High yielding varieties. Because tomatoes are susceptible to changes in climate, they have autocatalytic activities of ethylene during their ripening period. Conventionally, weeds are controlled using manual, mechanical, and chemical methods (Chauvel et al., 2012). Grigg, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001. High-Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of agricultural crops are usually characterized by a combination of the following traits in contrast to the conventional varieties: The infrastructural facilities like transport network, marketing and storage facilities are also very crucial for the successful cultivation of HYV. HYV give rise to short stemmed, stiff strawed plants that re­spond well to heavy dozes of fertilizers. Poor yielding genetics rarely produce high yields. The lodging of crop re­duces the yield per unit area. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc. Want to thank TFD for its existence? One of the important fac­tors which contributed to the success of new seeds in the states of Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh is the elaborate irrigation infrastructure in the form of canals, tube wells and pumping sets. In order to get a satisfactory agricultural return, the farmer should be in a posi­tion to arrange the costly inputs on time for which sufficient surplus capital should be available. Similarly, in 1970-72, large uncovered piles of wheat accumulated at the rail­way stations of Punjab and Haryana were damaged due to the un­timely heavy rain falls in the month of May.

Reloading 9mm Start To Finish, Calves For Sale Ni, Karim Bellarabi Futbin, How To Find Answers On Canvas Inspect, Ninja Ragnarok Mobile Release Date, Clear Choice Reviews Yelp, Hotels In Isle Of Man Tt Week 2021, Carthage, Ms Mugshots, Columbia School Of General Studies Admissions,