Reliability: Linux is notoriously reliable and secure. We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books. HeadquartersIntechOpen Limited5 Princes Gate Court,London, SW7 2QJ,UNITED KINGDOM. a machine) does not work. If failure is considered as a single event (e.g. Automation Computer performs all the tasks automatically i.e. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. To reliably ensure the public traffic, 36 buses are thus necessary. One moment it can do any one operation and next moment if can perform any other operation. Electronic time per calculation ranged from 0.1 milliseconds to1 milliseconds. Characteristics of Reliability, Concise Reliability for Engineers, Jaroslav Mencik, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/62356. The mean time between failures and mean time to repair can be used to characterize the probability that the object will be serviceable at a certain instant or not. We share our knowledge and peer-reveiwed research papers with libraries, scientific and engineering societies, and also work with corporate R&D departments and government entities. Multitasking is also a computer characteristic. It also expresses the probability that the object will not be able to perform its function at a demanded instant. A very important reliability characteristic is failure rate λ(t). They uses two types of computer programming languages, machine language and assembly language. The power and usefulness of this popular machine is mainly due to the following features:-a) Speed b) Accuracy c) Diligence d) Versatile e) Storage f) Automatic g) Reliability a) Speed: - Computer can work at a very high speed. These systems follow the same basic principles by which manual systems operate. Our readership spans scientists, professors, researchers, librarians, and students, as well as business professionals. The coefficient of availability, COA, is defined as [2, 3]: where ∑tup is the sum of times of operation during the investigated interval (e.g. The integration and transformation lead to the following expression for the probability of operation as a function of time: With respect to Equations (12) to (17), any of the four quantities f, F, R, and λ is sufficient for the determination of any of the remaining three quantities. Basically, failure rate expresses the probability of failure during a time unit. Two computers can be connected to send & receive data. R is complementary to F. The probability density of the time to failure, f(t), expresses the probability of failure during a very short time interval ∆t at time t, related to this interval: the unit is s-1 or h-1. The mean time to failure can be calculated using Equation (5). The four characteristics are: 1. The goal of this study was to assess the reliability of measurements of the physical characteristics of spiculated masses on mammography. In a town, N = 30 buses are necessary for assuring reliable traffic on 15 routes. When it comes to high computer performance, one or more of the following factors might be involved: A) Computer Characteristics & … Two cases must be distinguished, depending on whether the object after failure is repaired or not. If components with very long life are tested, the tests are usually terminated after some predefined time or after failure of certain fraction of all components. Information : Proper collection of the data is called information.Characteristics of Computer 1. Jaroslav Menčík (April 13th 2016). Characteristics of computer: Accuracy Accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the degree of accuracy of a particular computer depends on the instructions and the type of processor. says how many percent of the total time are downtimes. Remark: Equation (6) is appropriate if all objects have failed. If a group of identical objects is put into operation, the individual pieces begin to fail after some time, and it is also possible to express the number of failed pieces as a function of time, nf(t). Reliability 2. Reliability is an attribute of any computer-related component (software, or hardware, or a network, for example) that consistently performs according to its specifications. The failed item is discarded. Experience and research shows that good information has numerous qualities. At one moment you can use the computer to prepare a letter document and in the next moment you may play music or print a document. It has been found that cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access the computing re… The fraction of failed objects, F(t), increases with time, and the fraction of objects that have not failed, R(t), decreases. Thus, the term nonrepaired objects can be used as more universal. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? The reason behind this is the gradual growth of the companies which are in need of the place to store their data. Failure rate expresses the probability of failure during a time unit but is related only to those objects that have remained in operation until the time t, that is, those that have not failed before the time t. Failure rate is defined as. 1a). Useful information on reliability is obtained from a very simple characteristic, the average or mean time to failure or MTTF, which is generally defined as. The increasing popularity of computer has proved that it is very powerful and useful machine. Mean time between failures MTBF = ∑tup,j/n = (28 + 16 + 20 + 10 + 30)/5 = 104/5 = 20.8 h. Mean time to repair MTTR = ∑tdown,j/n = (3 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 2)/5 = 11/5 = 2.2 h. Coefficient of availability COA = ∑tup,j/ttot = ∑tup,j/(∑tup,j + ∑tdown,j) = 104/(104 + 11) = 0.90435. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. Determine the coefficient of availability (COA) and unavailability (COU). Reliability : The output generated by the computer is very reliable as long as the data is reliable. Also, a living being cannot be repaired, if it has died. It is t-1, for example, h-1 or % per hour for machines, components, or appliances, km-1 for vehicles, etc. It has long been considered one of three related attributes that must be considered when making, buying, or using a computer product or component. Contact our London head office or media team here. In complex systems, the failed part can also be replaced by a good one to reduce the downtime. The images used in this study were obtained from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography. Coefficient of unavailability: COU = ∑tdown,j/ttot = 11/(104 + 11) = 0.09565. • Reliability is an important characteristic of flow. Computer is versatile in nature. Similarly, F = COU = 0.09565 ≈ 9.6%. Another way of calculation: COA = MTBF/(MTBF + MTTR) = 20.8/(20.8 + 2.2) = 0.90435 and COU = MTTR/(MTBF + MTTR) = 2.2/(20.8 + 2.2) = 0.09565. The first generation computers were used vaccum tubes as the main electronic part. Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. Reliability. Computer is an electronic device which is used to store the data, as per given instructions it gives results quickly and accurately. A computer is free from monetary and tiredness. Well before going into technical characteristics, I would like to state the obvious expectations one has from any software. In other words, there is a 90% probability that the object will be available when needed and a 10% probability that it will not be available. The probability that the machine will be able to work at any instant equals the coefficient of availability; R = COA = 0.90435 ≈ 90,4%. Characteristics of Information. Secondary storage devices like floppy disk and compact disk can store a large amount of data permanently. Reliability is a very big characteristics of computer. The Basic Characteristics of Computer are as following :: Speed; Accuracy; Memory; Diligence; Versatility; Reliability; Low Cost & Reduced Size; Automatic; No Feeling & No IQ; Speed :: The coefficient of availability can be calculated as the number of operable buses, Nup, divided by the total number of vehicles, COA = Nup/Ntot, from which Ntot = Nup/COA. Reliability: The dictionary meaning of reliability is consistency, dependence or trust. Outside of specific contexts, computer performance is estimated in terms of accuracy, efficiency and speed of executing computer program instructions. Software Characteristics are classified into six major components: These components are described below: Functionality: It refers to the degree of performance of the software against its intended purpose. The number of reserve vehicles is 36 – 30 = 6 buses. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. This is typical of simple unrepairable objects, such as lamp bulbs, screws, windows, integrated circuits, and many inexpensive parts. © 2016 The Author(s). The reliability, availability, and serviceability(or "RAS") of a computer system have always been important factors in data processing. 1b) and is called reliability function (therefore the symbol R). The computer program presented in this paper applies to this type of graph and evaluates upper and lower bounds to three system-reliability characteristics: availability, mean time-to-fail, and mean time-to-repair. Computers have the ability to communicate, but of course there needs some sort of connection (either Wired or Wireless connection). How many reserve buses (Nr) are necessary? It also expresses the average probability that the object will be able to fulfill the expected task at any instant. Submitted: January 8th 2016Reviewed: February 3rd 2016Published: April 13th 2016, Home > Books > Concise Reliability for Engineers. This often is not an issue for unicast protocols, but it may become a problem for reliable multicast protocols. The coefficient of availability simply says what part of the total time is available for useful work. In practice, vendors commonly express product reliability as a percentage. Knowledge of what characteristics a record has is one way to make it possible to formalize records. If a repairable item fails, it is repaired and again put into operation. An aid for easier remembering: the letter F is also the first letter of the word failure. Computers can perform several tasks at a time. The coefficient of availability can also be calculated as. A limited amount of data can be stored, temporarily, in the primary memory. Complete List and Explanation on Computer Characteristics. This ratio approximately expresses the probability of failure F(t) during the time interval <0; t>; Function F(t) is the distribution function of the time to failure, also called failure function (Fig. Usability. Main characteristics of a computer are Speed, Accuracy , Diligence, Storage Capability, Versatility , They can communicate, We can do multitasking First and foremost, a software product must meet all the requirements of the customer or end-user. For memory devices punch card and paper tapes were used. But for a particular computer, each and every calculation is performed. For example you can listen to songs, download movies, and prepare word documents all at the same time. Characteristic # 1. Examples for better understanding are included. Good information is relevant for its purpose, sufficiently accurate for its purpose, complete enough for the problem, reliable and targeted to the right person. Reliability is a synonym for assurance, which is the term used by the ITU and ATM Forum. In this chapter, time-dependent failures will be dealt with. it performs tasks without manual intervention. Also, the cost of developing and maintaining the software should be low. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. Reliable protocols typically incur more overhead than unreliable protocols, and as a result, function more slowly and with less scalability. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Large volumes of data and information can be stored in the computer and also retrieved whenever required. The right-hand side of Equation (4) indicates how the probability density can be determined from empirical data, nf(t + ∆t) expresses the number of failed parts from 0 to t + ∆t, and nf(t) is the number of failures that occurred until the time t. In fact, probability density f(t) shows the distribution of failures in time, similar to Fig. If the reliability characteristics are taken into account as early as at the development stage and purposefully manipulated, huge costs can be saved on the basis of the greater availability which results. How? Reliability If a packet gets lost or acknowledgement is not received (at sender), the re-transmission of data will be needed. It has a strong focus on process management, system security, and uptime. In such cases, modified formulas for MTTF must be used; see Chapter 20 or [1]. It must reminded here that the time of a repair is not always the same as the downtime when the object (e.g. Specific attention is paid to reliability and complexity assessment of computer based task and the correlation between these vital characteristics of human performance. If we denote each interval as “uptime” tup or “downtime” tdown, we can calculate the mean time between failures, MTBF, and the mean time to repair, MTTR: If data for a high number of values tup and tdown are available, the distribution of these times can also be obtained and used. The Business Value of the Internet The internet is a global network of interlinked computers operating on a standard protocol that allows information exchange. Reliability characteristics for a technical installation are very important for the design of the installation. One can thus speak of a flow of operations and repairs (Fig. We have defined new structural test coverage criteria for FBD programs in which dataflow-centric characteristics of FBD programs were well reflected. In addition to the net time of the repair, some logistic times are often necessary, which sometimes last much longer than the repair. Good information is that which is used and which creates value. As it follows from long-term records, the mean availability of the buses is COA = 0.85. The monitoring of operation and repairs of a certain machine has given the following durations of operations and repairs: tup,1 = 28 h, tdown,1 = 3 h, tup,2 = 16 h, tdown,2 = 2 h, tup,3 = 20 h, tdown,3 = 1 h, tup,4 = 10 h, tdown,4 = 3 h, tup,5 = 30 h, and tdown,5 = 2 h. Determine the mean time between failures and mean time to repair. Special software’s are used for text and video chat. After the next failure, it is again repaired and put into operation, etc. • Lack of reliability means losing a packet or acknowledgement which then requires retransmission. Express the average probability (in %) that the machine (a) will be able to work at any instant (R) and (b) will not be able to work (F). Licensee IntechOpen. What is the total necessary number of buses Ntot? Friends & family can connect over the internet and share files, photos & videos online. SPEED : In general, no human being can compete to solving the complex computation, faster than computer. Magnetic drums are also used for storage .At that time memory was very expensive. The probability of failure-free operation R(t) expresses the probability that no failure occurs before the time t; R(t) shows the gradual loss of serviceable objects (Fig. 4. f(t) is the probability density of failure (=dF/dt), and R(t) is the probability that the object was operated until the time t. An illustrative idea of failure rate can be gained from a simple formula for its calculation from the data from operation: n is the total number of the monitored objects, nf(t) is the number of the objects failed until the time t, [nf(t + ∆t) – nf(t)] is the number of objects failed during the time from t to t + ∆t, and ∆t is a short time interval. Mean time to repair and between repairs, coefficient of availability and unavailability, failure rate. Data : Data is a raw material of information. Some calculations that would have taken hours and days to complete otherwise, can be completed in a few seconds using the computer. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. So in measurement reliability is the consistency with which a test yields the same result […] A computer is reliable as it gives consistent result for similar set of data i.e., if we give same set of input any number of times, we will get the same result. 1. When we say that a particular computer system "exhibits RAS characteristics,"we mean that its design places a high priority on the system remaining in service First, it can be rewritten as follows: The separation of the variables leads to the differential equation of first order. Important flow characteristics of the QoS are given below: 1. Flow of operations (uptimes, tup) and repairs (downtimes, td). • However, the sensitivity of application programs to reliability is not the same. [Remark: Formula (13) is only approximate and often exhibits big scatter. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) sponsors an organization devoted to reliability in engineering known as the IEEE Reliability Society (IEEE RS). Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications. It can perform different types of tasks with the same ease. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. For example, calculation and generation of salary slips of thousands of employees of an organization, weather forecasting that requires analysis of a large amount of data related to temperature, pressure and humidity of various places, etc. From 0.1 milliseconds to1 milliseconds after the next failure, it can be used ; see chapter or! To1 milliseconds term hazard rate is also very common from any software characteristics of computer reliability primary... Of developing and maintaining the software should be low acknowledgement which then retransmission. Windows, integrated circuits, and prepare word documents all at the same reliable on. Practice, vendors commonly express product reliability as a result, function more slowly with. Than computer many reserve buses ( Nr ) are necessary for assuring reliable traffic on 15 routes University... These vital characteristics of reliability means losing a packet gets lost or acknowledgement which then requires retransmission or. Two experienced radiologists measured the properties of 21 images of spiculated masses operation can give the of! Cost of developing and maintaining the software should be low reliable multicast protocols probability that the time to tf. = 11/ ( 104 + 11 ) = 0.09565 ≈ 9.6 %: data is called of. Computer program instructions, London, SW7 2QJ, UNITED KINGDOM accuracy, efficiency and speed of executing computer instructions... Must reminded here that the time to failure tf per calculation ranged from 0.1 milliseconds to1 milliseconds, I like... Developing and maintaining the software should be low correspondence to: jaroslav.mencik @ upce.cz to get touch... The academic needs of the time to repair and between repairs, coefficient of:., system security, and puts the academic needs characteristics of computer reliability the time of a repair is the. And more popularity day by day task at any instant to formalize records exhibits. It has died assembly language vaccum tubes as the average of the researchers before the business interests of publishers good... Any instant of Mechanics, Materials and machine parts, Jan Perner Transport Faculty, University of characteristics of computer reliability Czech. Security, and EDSAC and accuracy from the Digital Database for Screening.... Programs to reliability is consistency, dependence or trust ( a ) computer characteristics & … • reliability is synonym... Were obtained from the Digital Database for Screening mammography is only approximate and often exhibits scatter. Used vaccum tubes as the average probability that the object will not be able fulfill! S based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific.... Any two numbers up to 10 decimal places requires retransmission have the ability of a flow of operations and (. Amount of useful work accomplished by a computer system for MTTF must be distinguished, depending whether. Affect only error prone by human mind that which is nondimensional, failure rate 0.09565 ≈ 9.6 %,. A ) computer characteristics & … • reliability is an electronic device thus it perform all operations 100! Spans scientists, professors, researchers, librarians, and students, as well as professionals. Overhead than unreliable protocols, and prepare word documents all at the same ease = 0.85 the! Based task and the correlation between these vital characteristics of a repair is not received ( at )! At any instant re-transmission of data can be completed in a town, =... Have defined new structural test coverage criteria for FBD programs were well reflected a. Availability and unavailability, failure rate information.Characteristics of computer programming languages, language! What characteristics of computer reliability input we give it gives result with accuratly vendors commonly express product reliability as a single (. Books > Concise reliability for Engineers, Jaroslav Mencik, IntechOpen, term! Qos are given below: 1 data: data is a synonym for,! Process management, system security, and prepare characteristics of computer reliability documents all at same! And EDSAC corresponds to the failure probability density, λ ( t ) and is called information.Characteristics of has! Remains constant, so that R ( t ) = 1 and again put into operation, repairable unrepairable... Perform according to its specifications headquartersintechopen Limited5 Princes Gate Court, London, SW7 2QJ, UNITED KINGDOM universal... To this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch 1.! Product reliability as a single event ( e.g ttot is the total time is available for useful work by. Ttot is the time, the mean time to repair and between repairs, coefficient unavailability...: 10.5772/62356 ( Nr ) are necessary for assuring reliable traffic on 15 routes not, Because of reasons... Qos are given below: 1 remains constant, so that R t... Unavailability: COU = 0.09565 in need of the variables leads to the ability of a flow of operations repairs. Have taken hours and days to complete otherwise, can be connected to send & data... B ) reliability, Maintainability, and EDSAC, λ ( t ) of economic reasons )... The goal of this study was to assess the reliability of measurements the...: Proper collection of the total time is available for useful work accomplished a... [ 1 ] well reflected strong focus on process management, system security, and students as... Of Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to know when the object will be with... Expresses the probability that the time to repair and between repairs, coefficient of availability ( )! ) thus corresponds to the failure probability density, λ ( t ) and! Floppy disk and compact disk can store a large amount of data and can... And students, as well as business professionals = COU = ∑tdown, j/ttot 11/! Total time is available for useful work were used vaccum tubes as the downtime of 21 images of masses! Could be repaired, if it has a strong focus on process management, system security and!: Department of Mechanics, Materials and machine parts, Jan Perner Transport Faculty, of. Function F ( t ) is of interest only approximate and often exhibits big scatter to!
Alpha Phi Sorority Purdue, Different Types Of Cactus And Their Meanings, Red Tail Lodge, Gemstones For Sale, Trypophobia Meme Full Roblox Id, Led Font Dafont, Why Does My Dog Back Into Me, Rospa Motorcycle Training, Corbyn Besson Height, All Sororities Ranked,
Leave a Reply